System for maximizing gain in a repeater

ABSTRACT

An antenna system includes a donor antenna sub-system, a server antenna sub-system, and a processor to optimize the gain of the repeater in the system. The gain in the antenna system is increased by optimizing the isolation between the donor and/or server antenna sub-systems according to a cost function.

CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

This application claims priority to U.S. Provisional Application Ser.No. 61/941,449, filed Feb. 18, 2014, titled “System For Maximizing Gainin a Repeater,” the disclosure of which is hereby incorporated byreference in its entirety herein.

BACKGROUND

The present disclosure relates describes an antenna subsystem that canbe used in either a two-hop or three-hop repeater system to optimize thegain of the repeater by increasing the isolation between the donor andserver antennas.

Typically, repeater products maximize isolation between the donor andserver antennas through the use of highly directive antennas that pointaway from each other. However, with multiband antennas that cover broadfrequency ranges (e.g. from 700 MHz to 2.1 GHz), the size of such highlydirective antennas prohibits such an arrangement. In a three hoprepeater, the separation between the donor and server antennas helps toincrease this isolation. However, normally directional antennas are usedeven in three hop repeaters to improve isolation and maximize systemgain.

SUMMARY

Disclosed is an antenna subsystem that can be used in either a two-hopor three-hop repeater system to optimize the gain of the repeater byincreasing the isolation between the donor and server antennas.

In some implementations, an antenna system for optimizing gain of arepeater is provided. The antenna system may include a donor antennasub-system, a server antenna sub-system, and a processor to determine anoptimal configuration for the antenna system. The donor antennasub-system may accept an incoming signal. The server antenna sub-systemmay be configured to relay an optimized version of the incoming signal.The processor may be a processor to determine an optimal configurationfor the antenna system for generating the optimized version of theincoming signal, in which the optimal configuration is based on anoptimal value of a cost function of operating the donor antennasub-system and/or the server antenna sub-system in each of one or moreoperational configurations. The cost function may be based on one ormore operational inputs.

The following features may be included in the antenna system in anysuitable combination. The one or more operation inputs in the antennasystem may include transmitter power of the donor antenna sub-systemand/or the server antenna sub-system. The one or more operational inputsmay include receiver power of the donor antenna sub-system and/or theserver antenna sub-system. The one or more operational inputs mayinclude at least one of a signal-to-noise ratio of the donor antennasub-system and a signal-to-noise ratio of the server antenna sub-system.The one or more operational inputs may include at least one of the oneor more operational configurations. In some implementations of theantenna system, each of the donor antenna sub-system and the serverantenna subsystem may provide a radiation pattern that is orthogonal toeach other. In some such implementations, an orthogonality of theradiation pattern may be dynamically changed by the processor accordingto the configuration. In implementations in which the radiation may bedynamically changed, the radiation pattern may be changed by a change ina pattern of radiation of a signal of one or both of the donor antennasub-system and the server antenna subsystem. The radiation pattern maybe changed by a change in a null position of one or both of the donorantenna sub-system and the server antenna subsystem. The radiationpattern may be changed by a change in a polarization of one or both ofthe donor antenna sub-system and the server antenna subsystem. Theradiation pattern may be changed by a change in a physical orientationof one or both of the donor antenna sub-system and the server antennasubsystem.

In a related aspect, a method of optimizing gain of an antenna system ofa repeater may be provided in some implementations. The method mayinclude tuning, by a measuring system, to an operating frequency of adonor antenna sub-system of the antenna system, the donor antennasub-system being configured to accept an incoming signal; tuning, by themeasuring system, to an operating frequency of a server antennasubs-system of the antenna system, the server antenna sub-system beingconfigured to relay an optimized version of the incoming signal;measuring, by the measuring system, one or more operational inputs fromthe operation of the donor antenna sub-system and/or server antennasub-system at the operating frequency; calculating, by a processor andbased on the one or more operational inputs, an output of a costfunction of each of one or more operational configurations of the donorantenna sub-system and/or server antenna sub-system; and determining, bythe processor, an optimal configuration for the antenna system forgenerating the optimized version of the incoming signal based on anoptimal cost function output.

The following features may be included in the method of optimizing gainof an antenna system of a repeater in any suitable combination. The oneor more operational inputs may include transmitter power of the donorantenna sub-system and/or the server antenna sub-system. The one or moreoperational inputs may include receiver power of the donor antennasub-system and/or the server antenna sub-system. The one or moreoperational inputs may include at least one of a signal-to-noise ratioof the donor antenna sub-system and a signal-to-noise ratio of theserver antenna sub-system. In some implementations, the method mayfurther include providing a radiation pattern from each of the donorantenna sub-system and the server antenna subsystem, in which theradiation patterns are orthogonal to each other. In some suchimplementations, the method may further include changing, by theprocessor, an orthogonality of the radiation pattern in a dynamicmanner, according to the optimal configuration for the antenna system.Further, in some such implementations, the method may include changing,by the processor, the radiation pattern according to a change in apattern of radiation of a signal of one or both of the donor antennasub-system and the server antenna subsystem. The method may includechanging, by the processor, the radiation pattern according to a changein a null position of one or both of the donor antenna sub-system andthe server antenna subsystem. Some implementations may include changing,by the processor, the radiation pattern according to a change in apolarization of one or both of the donor antenna sub-system and theserver antenna subsystem.

The details of one or more variations of the subject matter describedherein are set forth in the accompanying drawings and the descriptionbelow. Other features and advantages of the subject matter describedherein will be apparent from the description and drawings, and from theclaims.

BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated in and constitute apart of this specification, show certain aspects of the subject matterdisclosed herein and, together with the description, help explain someof the principles associated with the disclosed implementations.

In the drawings,

FIG. 1 is a schematic of an exemplary system for an antenna subsystemfor optimizing gain in a repeater in a multi-hop repeater system;

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an exemplary antenna optimization algorithmfor optimizing gain in the system of FIG. 1;

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of another exemplary antenna optimizationalgorithm for optimization gain in the system of FIG. 1; and

FIG. 4A-FIG. 4D are schematics showing various exemplary donor andserver antenna sub-systems for use with a system for optimizing gain,such as the system shown in FIG. 1.

When practical, similar reference numbers denote similar structures,features, or elements.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION

In some implementations, a system and method utilizes omni-directionalantennas at both the donor and server sides. Increased isolation isobtained by using additional degrees of freedom in the antenna design tomaximize isolation. For example, in some implementations, at the donorside, a system uses a vertically polarized omni-directional antenna.Additionally or alternately, at the server side, the system can deploytwo antennas, one with vertical polarization and one with horizontalpolarization. The system can then automatically determine which of thepolarizations will yield the biggest isolation and therefore the bestsystem gain.

The degrees of freedom that can be utilized are not limited topolarization. Other orthogonal options may be used as well. For examplethe donor and server antennas could each have multiple orthogonal beampatterns such as the beam patterns that can be achieved using a circulararray antenna. The system could then search through all the combinationsof donor and server antenna patterns to find the one that will yield thebiggest isolation between donor and server and therefore the highestsystem gain.

In addition to the isolation, other cost functions may also be used tooptimize the antennas used. For example, a cost function to maximize theoutput power level at the server antenna can be used. In this case, thecost function will take into account the isolation between the donor andserver antennas as well as the signal strength of a particular basestation. The optimization may be performed in two stages, where thedonor antenna subsystem is first optimized to provide the strongestinput signal level and then the server antenna is optimized to achievemaximum isolation. The combination of maximum isolation plus maximuminput signal could yield the highest output power at the server antenna.Alternatively, the input signal level and isolation may be jointlyoptimized to achieve the same effect. As an alternative to isolation andserver antenna output power, the system may use a cost function thatoptimizes the signal-to-noise ratio of the signal at the output of theserver antenna. In this case, the donor antenna sub-system will includea cost function that will adapt the antennas to null out interferingbase stations. This action will improve the signal to noise ratio of thedonor signal. The server antenna can then be adapted to optimize theisolation to provide maximum coverage of the best quality donor signalfrom the server antenna.

FIG. 1 shows a schematic of a basic system for an antenna sub-system foroptimizing gain in a repeater in a multi-hop repeater system 100.

In one specific embodiment in a three-hop repeater, the Donor AntennaSub-system 105 consists of four vertically polarized omni-directionalantennas, each being tuned to a specific frequency of operation. TheServer Antenna Sub-system 110 consists of two dual-band antennas, tunedto the same frequencies as the Donor antennas 105, but with horizontaland vertical polarization. During operation, the repeater 120 willmeasure the isolation between the donor and server 130 for the twodifferent server antenna polarizations (cost function 122) and thendirect a processor to run an algorithm to maximize the isolation betweenthe donor and server antenna sub-systems (Antenna optimization algorithm123) which will return the optimal gain for the system.

FIG. 2 is a flow diagram of an exemplary antenna optimization method123A for optimizing gain in the system of FIG. 1, as executed by aprocessor. The method 123A in FIG. 2 accepts a start state, as in 205,and iterates through antenna sub-system configurations until aconfiguration that optimizes the cost function is found. From theinitial, or start, state 205, the method 123A tunes to the donor orserver antenna's operating frequency, as in 210. From there, therepeater (120 in FIG. 1) measures the inputs to the cost function, andthe method 123A receives those input values, as in 215. The inputs tothe cost function may include the transmitting and receiving powerlevels, such as in dBm. The method 123A then calculates and stores theoutput of the cost function, as in 220. After a number of iterations,the output values of the cost function are compared. During eachiteration, the processor that executes the method 123A may be associatedwith one or more memory components where the cost function outputs (andoptionally the input values) may be stored.

After storing the cost function output for a given set of inputs, theprocessor determines, according to an algorithm, whether or not thereare any further antenna sub-systems for which the cost functioncalculation must be run, as in 225. The system has more than oneconfiguration, and the algorithm will proceed to calculate the costfunction for each configuration until cost function outputs have beencalculated for all configurations. Accordingly, if the processorexecuting the method 123A has not yet exhausted all antenna sub-systemconfigurations, the processor executing the method 123A will cause thesystem to change to the next antenna sub-system configuration, as in230. The processor executing the method 123A will then receive themeasured inputs to the cost function, as in 215; calculate and store theoutput of the cost function, as in 220; and once again determine whetherany further antenna sub-system configurations need to be evaluated fortheir cost function values, as in 225.

Once the processor executing the method 123A has evaluated all antennasub-system configurations, the cost function outputs stored in memoryare compared, the configuration that best optimizes the cost function isselected, and then the system is directed to set the antenna sub-systemsto the configuration that corresponds to the best optimized costfunction output values, as in 235. The processor executing the methoddoes not start another iteration of the method until a user or otherportion of the system reconfigures one or both antenna sub-systems or aportion of the system that would alter the cost function outputs, as in240.

FIG. 3 is a flow diagram of another exemplary antenna optimizationmethod 123B for optimizing gain in the system of FIG. 1. The method 123Bin FIG. 3 begins with an initial configuration of the donor and serverantenna sub-systems, as in 305, and continually optimizes the costfunction calculation by altering the antenna sub-system configurations.From the initial, or start, state 305, the method 123B includes tuningthe donor or server antenna's operating frequency, as in 310. Fromthere, the inputs to the cost function are measured, and those inputvalues, as in 315, are received by a processor executing the method. Theinputs to the cost function may include the transmitting and receivingpower levels, for example in dBm. The optimized antenna sub-systemsettings are determined based upon an optimization of the cost function,as in 320. The antenna sub-system configuration that optimizes the costfunction is passed along and applied to cause the antenna sub-systems toconform to the optimized configuration, as in 330. The gain, based uponthe initial values of components of the system, is also optimized withthe cost function.

This newly optimized system is used as the starting point for the nextiteration of the method 123B. Once again, the inputs to the costfunction are received, as in 315, and further changes to the antennasub-system configuration are determined that will optimize the outputfrom the cost function, as in 320. These changes are applied, as in 330,and the next iteration begins. The one or more configurations areiterated through. When no changes to the antenna sub-systemsconfiguration can be determined that will further optimize the costfunction at 320, then no changes are applied in 330. However, should thesystem be changed, such as by a user or a part of the system that is notinfluenced by the method 123B, then a new start or initial state 305 isdefined and the method 123B progresses as described above. In this way,the method 123B is always optimizing the cost function, and thus findingthe configuration of the system that optimizes system gain.

FIG. 4A-FIG. 4D are schematics showing various exemplary donor antenna(105A, 105B, 105C, 105D) and server antenna (110A, 110B, 110C, 110D)sub-systems for use with a system for optimizing gain.

FIG. 4A shows a schematic displaying a donor antenna sub-system 105A anda server antenna sub-system 110A in which the physical orientation andnull position of the antenna sub-system components can be varied. In thedonor antenna sub-system 105A, there can be two or more antenna elements106A and 106B. These antenna elements 106A and 106B may have differentphysical orientations with respect to each other. In the case wherethere are more than two antenna elements, there may be a pattern to thedifference in orientation between any two adjacent antenna elements.Conversely, when more than two antenna elements are present, there maybe no distinct pattern to the difference in orientation between any twoadjacent antenna elements. Each antenna element 106A, 106B may receive asignal that is passed through a weighting coefficient multiplier, 107A,107B, respectively. The weight assigned to each signal can be optimizedto achieve the best output from the cost function (i.e. the best gainfor the system). The weighted signals can then be passed to a summingunit 108 that then passes along a composite signal as the donor antennasub-system output 109 to the rest of the system.

Similarly, in FIG. 4A, the server antenna sub-system 110A can have therecan be two or more antenna elements 111A and 111B. These antennaelements 111A and 111B may have different physical orientations withrespect to each other. In the case where there are more than two antennaelements, there may be a pattern to the difference in orientationbetween any two adjacent antenna elements. Conversely, when more thantwo antenna elements are present, there may be no distinct pattern tothe difference in orientation between any two adjacent antenna elements.Each antenna element 111A, 111B may receive a signal that is passedthrough a weighting coefficient multiplier, 112A, 112B, respectively.The weight assigned to each signal can be optimized to achieve the bestoutput from the cost function, and in turn the optimal gain from thesystem. The weighted signals can then be passed to a summing unit 113that then passes along a composite signal as the server antennasub-system output 114.

FIG. 4B shows a schematic displaying a donor antenna sub-system 105B anda server antenna sub-system 110B in which the mode or pattern of theantenna sub-system components can be varied. The donor antennasub-system 105B can have one or more antenna elements 106A that acceptan incoming signal that can be processed by more than one mode ofresonance. In FIG. 4B, the signal is shown to have four modes that thesystem can switch between to find an optimal setting on the donorantenna sub-system. After the signal is modified by a mode, it is passedto the rest of the system as the donor antenna sub-system output 109.The server antenna sub-system 110B has a similar configuration with oneor more antenna elements 111A, multiple modes to select from, and aserver antenna sub-system output 114. A mode that optimizes theperformance of the system can be selected from the multiple modes of theserver antenna sub-system 110B. The total number of possiblecombinations depends on the number of possible modes at both the donorantenna sub-system 105B and the server antenna sub-system 110B. Theproduct of the number of modes at each sub-system yields the totalnumber of possible combinations that can be iterated through to find theoverall configuration that optimizes the cost function, and thus thegain of the system.

FIG. 4C shows a schematic displaying a donor antenna sub-system 105C anda server antenna sub-system 110C in which the polarization of theantenna sub-system components can be varied. The donor antennasub-system 105C has at least one antenna element 106A that sends thereceived signal along to the rest of the system as the donor antennasub-system output 109 without any modification. The server antennasub-system 110C has two or more antenna elements with differentpolarization. In FIG. 4C, the server antenna sub-system 110C antennaelements include an antenna element with horizontal polarization 115Aand an antenna element with vertical polarization 115B. The output fromeach antenna element leads to a switch 116. The processor executing themethod can cause the server antenna sub-system switch 116 to togglebetween the different polarizations 115A and 115B while the costfunction is calculated for each configuration. Once the configuration isfound that optimizes the cost function, the switch is toggled to theappropriate position, and the resulting signal is the output 114 fromthe server antenna sub-system.

FIG. 4D shows a schematic displaying a donor antenna sub-system 105D anda server antenna sub-system 110D in which the sectors of the antennasub-system components can be varied. The donor antenna sub-system 105Dhas one or more antenna elements 120A and 120B that may send thereceived signal along to the rest of the system as the donor antennasub-system output 109 without any modification. A switch 121 may be usedto toggle between the donor antenna elements 120A and 120B. The serverantenna sub-system 110D has two or more antenna elements with differentsectors 130A and 130B. In FIG. 4D, the server antenna sub-system 110Dincludes a switch 131 for toggling between the different server antennaelements 130A and 30B. The processor executing the method can cause thedonor antenna sub-system switch to toggle between the different sectors,each associated with an antenna element 120A and 120B, as well ascausing the server antenna sub-system switch to toggle between thedifferent sectors, each associated with an antenna element 130A and130B, while the cost function is calculated for each configuration. Oncethe configuration is found that optimizes the cost function, theswitches 121 and/or 131 may be toggled to the appropriate position, andthe resulting signal is the output 114 from the server antennasub-system. The number of sectors and/or antenna elements at eachantenna sub-system may differ. For example, each antenna sub-system mayhave two sectors. Alternatively, the donor antenna sub-system may havetwo sectors and the server antenna sub-system may have more than twosectors, or vice-versa.

A system (100 in FIG. 1), can employ of the combinations of donor andserver antenna sub-systems described above. In some implementations, asystem can include more than one of the combinations of donor and serverantenna sub-systems described above.

While this specification contains many specifics, these should not beconstrued as limitations on the scope of an invention that is claimed orof what may be claimed, but rather as descriptions of features specificto particular embodiments. Certain features that are described in thisspecification in the context of separate embodiments can also beimplemented in combination in a single embodiment. Conversely, variousfeatures that are described in the context of a single embodiment canalso be implemented in multiple embodiments separately or in anysuitable sub-combination. Moreover, although features may be describedabove as acting in certain combinations and even initially claimed assuch, one or more features from a claimed combination can in some casesbe excised from the combination, and the claimed combination may bedirected to a sub-combination or a variation of a sub-combination.Similarly, while operations are depicted in the drawings in a particularorder, this should not be understood as requiring that such operationsbe performed in the particular order shown or in sequential order, orthat all illustrated operations be performed, to achieve desirableresults.

Although embodiments of various methods and devices are described hereinin detail with reference to certain versions, it should be appreciatedthat other versions, methods of use, embodiments, and combinationsthereof are also possible. Therefore the spirit and scope of theappended claims should not be limited to the description of theembodiments contained herein.

1. An antenna system for optimizing gain of a repeater comprising: adonor antenna sub-system that accepts an incoming signal; a serverantenna sub-system configured to relay an optimized version of theincoming signal; a processor to determine an optimal configuration forthe antenna system for generating the optimized version of the incomingsignal, the optimal configuration being based on an optimal value of acost function of operating the donor antenna sub-system and/or theserver antenna sub-system in each of one or more operationalconfigurations, the cost function being based on one or more operationalinputs; wherein each of the donor antenna sub-system and the serverantenna subsystem provide a radiation pattern that is orthogonal to eachother, an orthogonality of the radiation pattern is dynamically changedby the processor according to the configuration, and the radiationpattern is changed by a change in a null position of one or both of thedonor antenna sub-system and the server antenna subsystem. 2.-11.(canceled)
 12. A method of optimizing gain of an antenna system of arepeater, the method comprising: tuning, by a measuring system, to anoperating frequency of a donor antenna sub-system of the antenna system,the donor antenna sub-system being configured to accept an incomingsignal; tuning, by the measuring system, to an operating frequency of aserver antenna subs-system of the antenna system, the server antennasub-system being configured to relay an optimized version of theincoming signal; measuring, by the measuring system, one or moreoperational inputs from the operation of the donor antenna sub-systemand/or server antenna sub-system at the operating frequency;calculating, by a processor and based on the one or more operationalinputs, an output of a cost function of each of one or more operationalconfigurations of the donor antenna sub-system and/or server antennasub-system; and determining, by the processor, an optimal configurationfor the antenna system for generating the optimized version of theincoming signal based on an optimal cost function output; providing aradiation pattern from each of the donor antenna sub-system and theserver antenna subsystem, wherein the radiation patterns are orthogonalto each other; changing, by the processor, an orthogonality of theradiation pattern in a dynamic manner, according to the optimalconfiguration for the antenna system; and changing, by the processor,the radiation pattern according to a change in a null position of one orboth of the donor antenna sub-system and the server antenna subsystem.13.-20. (canceled)